Pore formation in the bilayer system with 10 mol % of DMSO. Water is shown in red, DMSO in cyan, choline and phosphate groups of lipid headgroups in green and yellow, respectively. Lipid acyl chains are not shown.
A. A. Gurtovenko, J. Anwar, J. Phys. Chem. B 111, 10453 (2007)

Desorption of lipid molecules from a membrane under the influence of 30 mol % of DMSO: (A) 0 ps, (B) 2280 ps, (C) 3030 ps, (D) 3400 ps, (E) 4500 ps, and (F) 9490 ps. Extracted lipids are highlighted in yellow; water and DMSO are not shown.
A. A. Gurtovenko, J. Anwar, J. Phys. Chem. B 111, 10453 (2007)

Permeation of a potassium ion (shown in yellow) through a transient water pore induced by the addition of 10 mol % of DMSO to a DPPC bilayer system. Water is shown in red and white; lipids, DMSO, and K and Cl ions are not shown.
A. A. Gurtovenko, J. Anwar, J. Phys. Chem. B 111, 13379 (2007)

Distinct modes of action of DMSO on phospholipid membranes. Presented are side views of the final structures for the bilayer systems containing 0, 5, 10, and 40 mol % of DMSO (lipid-free basis). Lipids are shown in cyan, water in red, and DMSO in yellow.
A. A. Gurtovenko, J. Anwar, J. Phys. Chem. B 111, 10453 (2007)

Typical configurations of charged dendrimers (shown in blue) at moderate (top) and strong (bottom) electrostatic interactions in the system. Counterions are shown as green spheres; the solvent is omitted for clarity.
A. A. Gurtovenko, S. V. Lyulin, M. Karttunen, I. Vattulainen, J. Chem. Phys. 124, 094904 (2006)